short notes history chapter

Political associations formed n the 1870s and 1880s. Most of

these were led by English-educated professionals such

as lawyers. The more important ones were the Poona

Sarvajanik Sabha, the Indian Association, the Madras

Mahajan Sabha, the Bombay Presidency Association and INC.

2 The Arms Act was passed in 1878.

3 The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met at Bombay in December 1885. The early leadership – Dadabhai Naoroji, PherozeshahMehta, Badruddin Tyabji, W.C. Bonnerji, Surendranath Banerji, Romesh Chandra Dutt, S. Subramania Iyer.A retired British official, A.O. Hume, also played a part. Dadabhai Naoroji Naoroji’s book Poverty andUn-British Rule in India offereda scathing criticism of the economic impact of British rule.

The early demands of congress were the separation of the judiciary from the executive, the repealof the Arms Act and the freedomof speech and expression.The Congress demanded The economic demands were reduction of revenue, cut in military expenditure, and more funds for irrigation.They criticised British rule in their speeches and sent representatives to different parts of the country to mobilise public opinion

Who raised the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!”Bal gangadhar tilak.

In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned  Bengal. For reasons of administrative convenience.

Kesari, a Marathi newspaper edited by Tilak, group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim

League at Dacca in 1906.

  The First World War altered the economic andpolitical situation in India. It led to a huge rise in the

defence expenditure of the Government of India. The government in turn increased taxes on individualincomes and business profits. Increased military expenditure and the demands for war supplies led to a sharp rise in prices

ideas of socialism circulated widely, inspiring Indian nationalists by Russian revolution in 1917.

In 1895, along with other Indians, Mahatma Gandhi established the Natal Congress to fight against racial discrimination.

The Rowlatt Act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood