question related to marginalisation

Q1. What is marginalization?

Ans. Marginalization refers to the reduce power and importance of certain people in our country. Example Tribals or Adivasi, OBC’s, Religious minorities and women.

Q2. Who are Adivasi?  

Ans . Adivasi term literally means ‘original inhabitants’or communities who lived, and often continue to live, in close association with forests.  Around 8 per cent of India’s population is Adivasis   there are over 500 different Adivasi groups in India.

Q3. Why are tribal communities poor?

 Losing their land and access to the forest means that tribal lose their main sources of livelihood and food.  

Most Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages in local industries and at construction sites.  

45 percent of tribal groups in rural areas and 35 percent in urban areas live below the poverty live. This leads to deprivation in other areas.   

 Many tribal children are malnourished. Literacy rates among tribals are also very low.

Q4.  . “Muslims are marginalized community” Give two reasons?  

Muslims are marginalized community in India because in comparison to other communities, they have over the years been deprived of the benefits of socio- economic development.  Like other minorities, Muslim customs and practices are sometimes quite distinct from  others .

Some not all Muslim may wear a burqa, sport a long beard, wear a fez, and these become ways to identify Muslims.

Because of this they tend to be identified differently and some people think they are not like ‘rest of us’.

Often this becomes the excuse to treat them unfairly, and discriminate against them.

Q5. How does the constitution of India protect the right of the minorities?

Ans.   1. Constitution provides safeguards to religious minorities as part of our fundamental rights.

 2. Safeguards are present to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority.

3. They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantage that they may face.

Q6. Briefly describe the religious beliefs of Adivasis.  

These often involve the worship of ancestors, village and natural spirits, the last associated with and residing in various sites in the landscape – ‘mountain-spirits’, ‘riverspirits’, ‘animal-spirits’, etc.  

The village spirits are often worshipped at specific sacred groves within the village boundary while the ancestral ones are usually worshipped at home.  

Adivasis have always been influenced by different surrounding religions like Shakta, Buddhist, Vaishnav, Bhakti and Christianity.

Q7. Mention the state inhabited by Adivasis.

Ans. Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand.

Q8.Glossary

 Hierarchy: A graded system or arrangement of persons or things.  

 Ghettoisation: A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community due to various social, cultural and economic reasons.  . Mainstream:     In this chapter it is used to refer to a cultural context in which the customs and practices that are followed are those of the dominant community. often the powerful or dominant group.

Displaced:   people who are forced or compelled to move from their homes for big development projects including dams, mining etc.  

 Malnourished: A person who does not get adequate nutrition or food.

Q9. Mention the largest religious minority in our country.

Ans. Muslims are 13.4 per cent of India’s population and are considered to be a largest marginalized community in India.

Q10. what stereotypes are related to adivasis?

Ans; Adivasis are   portrayed in very stereotypical ways – in colourful costumes, headgear and through their dancing.

Besides this,   people believing that they are exotic, primitive and backward.

Adivasis are blamed for their lack of advancement as they are believed to be resistant to change or new ideas.

Q11. Where the adivasis from Jharkhand moved?

Ans; From the 1830s onwards, Adivasis from Jharkhand and adjoining areas moved in very large numbers to various plantations in India and the world - Mauritius, the Caribbean and even Australia. India’s tea industry became possible with their labour in Assam.

Q12. What metals are important in present-day India? Why? Where do they come from? Are there Adivasi populations there?

Ans; Iron ,gold,copper are important metals in present days because these metals are backbone of our economy as well as industry. These metals are mined from Jharkhand,orrisa, chattisgarh etc which are highly tribled states.