minerals and power resources

Q1. Answer the following questions.

(i) Name any three common minerals used by you every day.

Answer:

 There are so many minerals which we use in our daily life like (a) coal, (b) Petroleum, (c) Limestone, (d) Salt, Iron, Aluminium, Cooper, etc.

(ii) What is an ore? Where are the ores of metallic minerals generally located?

Answer:

 An ore is the raw form of mineral found in a given rock. The ores of metallic minerals are found in hard rock under the earth's surface.  

(iii) Name two regions rich in natural gas resources.

Answer:

 The regions which are rich in reserves of Natural Gas Resources are: (a) Russia, U.K. and Norway in Europe. (b) Jaisalmer, Krishna-Godavari basin and Digboi Region in India.

(iv) Which sources of energy would you suggest for (a) rural areas (b) coastal areas (c) Arid regions

Answer:

 The suitable sources of energy would be (a) Rural Area   Bio-gas (b) Coastal Area   Tidal energy. Wind energy (c) Arid Regions   Wind energy. Solar energy  

(v) Give five ways in which you can save energy at home.

Answer:

 As energy consumption is increasing day by day and resources are limited therefore conservation of energy resource is a must by an individual at home by these ways:

• Switch off lights/fans when not in use.
• Use of copper wiring in the house.
• Use of one A.C. at a time.
•  Installing energy saving device.
• Use of tube lights than bulbs. Use a CFL light which consumes less energy and gives more light.  

Q2 Give reasons.

(i) Environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.

Answer:                                                                                                Yes, it is time that environmental aspects are to be taken care of before we build a huge dam on a river as construction activity will destroy, 

ecology of the area, will displace villagers, will destroy forests and will choke the flow of rivers. At times dams damage and cause lot of devastation and soil erosion as well as floods. 

(ii) Most industries are concentrated around coal mines.

Answer:

 Most of the heavy industries are found near to coal mines because of: (a) Coal is a heavy and bulky raw material coastly to be transported to longer distance.   (b) Basic sources of thermal energy.   (c) Basic source of smelting.   (d) It will cut the cost of production.

(iii) Petroleum is referred to as “black gold”.

Answer:

 Petroleum or crude oil is also called black gold because of not only colour but also due to its commercial values in the market. It is the source of running economy. All transport system of the world; all chemical and petro-chemical industries depend upon this source.  

(iv)  Quarrying can become a major environmental concern

Answer:

(i) It may destroy the humus of soil which is much required for the growth of plants and crops.
(ii) It produces a lot of noise pollution due to use of explosives at times in order to break the huge chunks of rocks.
(iii) In the process of quarrying lot of dust is generated which causes air pollution and also occupational hazards.
(iv) Blasting done in the process of quarrying generate vibration which damage in the nearby buildings, dams or any other similar structure.

Q3 Distinguish between the followings.  

(i)  Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy:  

S. No.	Conventional source of energy	Non-Conventional sources of energy
1.	These sources are in common use for a long time.	The use of non-conventional sources of energy started in recent time on commercial line.
2.	They are exhaustible in nature.	They are non-exhaustible in nature.
3.	They pollute the environment.	They do not pollute the environment.
4.	Main source of it are fossil fuels: Petroleum and coal and firewood.	Main source of it includes solar, wind, tidal, biogas etc.

(ii)  Bio gas and natural gas.  

S. No.	Bio gas	Natural gas
1.	It is produced from organic waste such as cow dung, dead plant, and agricultural waste.	It is found along with petroleum and come out before crude oil
2.	It is an excellent fuel for cooking and lighting and also produce huge amount of organic manure.	It is produced under the earth's surface by natural process.
3.	It is non-exhaustible and of good quality.	It is exhaustible but a good sources of energy.
4.	It is very cheap source of energy.	It is of low cost too.

(iii)  Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals.  

S. No.	Ferrous minerals	Non-ferrous minerals
1.	All those metallic minerals which have iron content in it.	All those metallic minerals which have no iron content in it.
2.	Ferrous minerals are iron ore, manganese and chromites.	Metals like gold, silver and copper or lead are non-ferrous minerals.

  (iv) Metallic and non-metallic minerals.   

S. No.	Metallic minerals	Non-metallic minerals
1.	Minerals which contain metals in raw form.	Non-metallic minerals do not contain metals.
2.	They are hard substances that conduct heat and electricity.	They are soft and cannot conduct heat and electricity.
3.	Iron ore, bauxite, manganese are the examples.	Limestone, mica, gypsum, coal and petroleum are the examples.
4.

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