important note for all

students you must concentrate on map and revise conventional and non conventional sources of energy  advantage and disadvantage from book chapter 3..

Between December 1946 and November 1949, the Constituent Assembly drafted a constitution for independent India.

Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar is known as the Father of the Indian Constitution.

 Key Features of The Indian Constitution:

1 Federalism: This refers to the existence of more than one level of government in the country. In India, we have governments at the state level and at the centre.

2. Parliamentary Form of Government: The different tiers of government consist of representatives who are elected by the people.

Constitution of India guarantees universal adult suffrage for all citizens.

3 Separation of Powers: According to the Constitution, there are three organs of the State. These are the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.

4. Fundamental Rights:

1. Right to Equality:

2. Right to Freedom:

3. Right against Exploitation:

4. Right to Freedom of Religion:

5. Cultural and Educational Rights:

6. Right to Constitutional Remedies:

5. Secularism: A secular state is one in which the state does not officially promote any one religion as the state religion.

Glossary

Arbitrary: When nothing is fixed and is instead left to one’s judgment or choice.

Ideal: A goal or a principle in its most excellent or perfect form.

Indian national movement: The Indian national movement emerged in nineteenth century India and saw thousands of men and women coming together to fight British rule.

Polity: A society that has an organised political structure. India is a democratic polity

Sovereign: refers to an independent people.

Trafficking: The practice of the illegal buying and selling of different commodities across national borders. It refers to illegal trade in human beings, particularly women and children.